[DOWNLOAD] "Achieving Equity in Special Education: History, Status, And Current Challenges (Report)" by Exceptional Children # Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Achieving Equity in Special Education: History, Status, And Current Challenges (Report)
- Author : Exceptional Children
- Release Date : January 22, 2008
- Genre: Education,Books,Professional & Technical,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 285 KB
Description
Special education was borne out of, and owes a debt to, the civil rights movement. That is, the inspiration for, and the strategies used by, advocates whose efforts resulted in the first national special education legislation emerged from the struggles of the civil rights movement (Smith & Kozleski, 2005). Concerns about racial inequity were central to litigation (e.g., Mills v. Board of Education, 1972) that led to the promulgation of the first special education legislation (Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, IDEA, Public Law No. 94-142, 1975). Thus, it is highly ironic that racial disparities in rates of special education service remain one of the key indicators of inequity in our nation's educational system. The disproportionate representation of minority students is among the most critical and enduring problems in the field of special education. Despite court challenges (Larry P. v. Riles, 1972/1974/1979/1984; PASE v. Hannan, 1980); federal reports (Donovan & Cross, 2002; Heller, Holtzman, & Messick, 1982); and abundant research on the issue (e.g., Chinn & Hughes, 1987; Harry & Klingner, 2006; Hosp & Reschly, 2003; Losen & Orfield, 2002; Oswald, Coutinho, Best, & Singh, 1999), the problem of disproportionate representation of minority students in special education has persisted. Indeed, although consistently documented, it is fair to say that the full complexity of minority disproportionality has not yet been understood, nor has a clear or comprehensive picture emerged concerning the causes of disproportionality (Donovan & Cross; Harry & Klingner). To address the issue of disproportionate minority placement, the 1997 reanthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 97, Public Law No. 105-17) stressed the importance of efforts to "prevent the intensification of problems connected with mislabeling and high dropout rates among minority children with disabilities" (p. 5) and that effort has been further amplified in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA 2004, Public Law No. 108-446).